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Sedimentary rock

Chert

Microcrystalline (cryptocrystalline) silica. Bedded chert forms in the deep ocean as siliceous skeletons rain down; nodular chert replaces other sediment during diagenesis. Biogenic silica comes from sponges, radiolarians and diatoms.

Bedded chert, chert nodules, jasper and silcrete
Bedded chert, chert nodules, jasper and silcrete. James St. John (CC BY 2.0) and Michael C. Rygel (CC BY-SA 3.0). Source

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Other sedimentary rocks

Conglomerate and breccia · Quartz arenite · Arkose · Lithic arenite · Wacke (greywacke) · Mudrocks: shale, mudstone, siltstone, claystone · Limestone · Chalk · Coquina · Oolite · Travertine and tufa · Dolostone · Diatomite · Radiolarite · Evaporites: rock salt and gypsum · Banded iron formation · Coal: peat to anthracite · Oil shale

Sources

Panchuk, Physical Geology 9.2: Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks · Rygel & Quinton, Sedimentary Geology 7.2: Siliceous Sedimentary Rocks